<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article
PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.4 20190208//EN"
       "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.4" xml:lang="en">
 <front>
  <journal-meta>
   <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Dairy industry</journal-id>
   <journal-title-group>
    <journal-title xml:lang="en">Dairy industry</journal-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Молочная промышленность</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </journal-title-group>
   <issn publication-format="print">1019-8946</issn>
  </journal-meta>
  <article-meta>
   <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">133032</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21603/1019-8946-2026-4-98</article-id>
   <article-id pub-id-type="edn">IDBQVV</article-id>
   <article-categories>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru">
     <subject>Научная статья</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en">
     <subject>Research Article</subject>
    </subj-group>
    <subj-group>
     <subject>Научная статья</subject>
    </subj-group>
   </article-categories>
   <title-group>
    <article-title xml:lang="en">Butter For Cheesemaking: Limitations and Prospects</article-title>
    <trans-title-group xml:lang="ru">
     <trans-title>Пахта для сыроделия: ограничения и перспективы</trans-title>
    </trans-title-group>
   </title-group>
   <contrib-group content-type="authors">
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Остроухова</surname>
       <given-names>Ирина Леонидовна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ostroukhova</surname>
       <given-names>Irina L.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>i.ostroukhova@fncps.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>кандидат технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>candidate of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Топникова</surname>
       <given-names>Елена Васильевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Topnikova</surname>
       <given-names>Elena V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Сумеркина</surname>
       <given-names>Юлия Сергеевна</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Sumerkina</surname>
       <given-names>Yuliya S.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>yu.sumerkina@fncps.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Остроухов</surname>
       <given-names>Дмитрий Вячеславович</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Ostroukhov</surname>
       <given-names>Dmitry V.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>d.ostroukhov@fncps.ru</email>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/>
    </contrib>
    <contrib contrib-type="author">
     <name-alternatives>
      <name xml:lang="ru">
       <surname>Смыков</surname>
       <given-names>Игорь Тимофеевич</given-names>
      </name>
      <name xml:lang="en">
       <surname>Smykov</surname>
       <given-names>Igor T.</given-names>
      </name>
     </name-alternatives>
     <email>i.smykov@fncps.ru</email>
     <bio xml:lang="ru">
      <p>доктор технических наук;</p>
     </bio>
     <bio xml:lang="en">
      <p>doctor of technical sciences;</p>
     </bio>
     <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/>
    </contrib>
   </contrib-group>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-1">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия – филиал Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН</institution>
     <city>Углич</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Research Institute of Butter and Cheese Production, Gorbatov Federal Center for Food Systems</institution>
     <city>Uglich</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-2">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия – филиал Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН</institution>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking – Branch of V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS</institution>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-3">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия – филиал Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН</institution>
     <city>Углич</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking – Branch of V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS, Uglich</institution>
     <city>Uglich</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-4">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия – филиал Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН</institution>
     <city>Углич</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking – Branch of V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS</institution>
     <city>Uglich</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <aff-alternatives id="aff-5">
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="ru">Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт маслоделия и сыроделия – филиал Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН</institution>
     <city>Углич</city>
     <country>Россия</country>
    </aff>
    <aff>
     <institution xml:lang="en">All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Butter- and Cheesemaking – Branch of V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of RAS</institution>
     <city>Uglich</city>
     <country>Russian Federation</country>
    </aff>
   </aff-alternatives>
   <pub-date publication-format="print" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-17T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-08-17T00:00:00+03:00">
    <day>17</day>
    <month>08</month>
    <year>2026</year>
   </pub-date>
   <issue>4</issue>
   <fpage>66</fpage>
   <lpage>76</lpage>
   <history>
    <date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-03-18T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>18</day>
     <month>03</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
    <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-06-09T00:00:00+03:00">
     <day>09</day>
     <month>06</month>
     <year>2026</year>
    </date>
   </history>
   <self-uri xlink:href="https://cheese.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/133032/view">https://cheese.kemsu.ru/en/nauka/article/133032/view</self-uri>
   <abstract xml:lang="ru">
    <p>Исследованы сыропригодные свойства пахты обычного состава и безлактозной, полученной при производстве масла методом сбивания сливок и преобразования высокожирных сливок. По сравнению с обезжиренным молоком для свертывания пахты (вне зависимости от применения ферментации лактозы) требуется в среднем в 4 раза больше молокосвертывающего фермента. Добавление хлористого кальция и наращивание кислотности позволяет существенно улучшить процесс свертывания. Сгустки из пахты имеют на 25 % меньшую условную вязкость, а сам сгусток получается более слабым и хлопьевидным. Пахта, выработанная методом преобразования высокожирных сливок, продемонстрировала большую «коагуляционную вялость» в сравнении с пахтой, выработанной методом сбивания сливок, что связано с меньшим содержанием белка и меньшей ее кислотностью. Проведены пробные выработки сыров из пахты, выработанной методом сбивания сливок, с использованием термокислотного и сычужно-кислотного свертывания. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о возможности использования пахты в качестве основного сырья при выработке мягких сыров при дальнейшей оптимизации их состава и отработке технологии.</p>
   </abstract>
   <trans-abstract xml:lang="en">
    <p>The research compared the cheesemaking properties of regular and lactose-free buttermilk obtained during butter production via cream churning and high-fat cream transformation. Compared to skim milk, buttermilk required, on average, four times more milk-clotting enzyme to coagulate, regardless of lactose hydrolysis. Adding calcium chloride and increasing acidity significantly enhanced the coagulation process. Buttermilk gel demonstrated a 25% lower relative viscosity, resulting in a weak and flaky curd. Buttermilk produced by high-fat cream transformation exhibited even poorer curd firmness than that obtained from cream churning, due to its lower protein content and acidity. Trial cheesemaking from churned buttermilk involved thermal-acid and rennet-acid coagulation. Buttermilk proved to be a viable raw material for soft cheese production; however, cheese formulation and technological parameters require further optimization.</p>
   </trans-abstract>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="ru">
    <kwd>пахта</kwd>
    <kwd>пахта безлактозная</kwd>
    <kwd>сыр из пахты</kwd>
    <kwd>термокислотная коагуляция</kwd>
    <kwd>сычужно-кислотная коагуляция</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
    <kwd>buttermilk</kwd>
    <kwd>lactose-free buttermilk</kwd>
    <kwd>buttermilk cheese</kwd>
    <kwd>thermo-acid coagulation</kwd>
    <kwd>rennet-acid coagulation</kwd>
   </kwd-group>
   <funding-group>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Статья подготовлена в рамках выполнения исследований по государственному заданию FGUS 2024-008 Федерального научного центра пищевых систем им. В. М. Горбатова РАН.</funding-statement>
    <funding-statement xml:lang="en">The article was prepared as part of the research carried out under the state assignment FGUS 2024-008 of the V. M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems of the Russian Academy of Sciences.</funding-statement>
   </funding-group>
  </article-meta>
 </front>
 <body>
  <p></p>
 </body>
 <back>
  <ref-list>
   <ref id="B1">
    <label>1.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nie, C. Milk fat globule membrane: structural organization, bioactive constituents, and therapeutic applications / C. Nie [et al.] // Foods. 2026. Vol. 15(9). Art. no. 1526. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15091526</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nie, C. Milk fat globule membrane: structural organization, bioactive constituents, and therapeutic applications / C. Nie [et al.] // Foods. 2026. Vol. 15(9). Art. no. 1526. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15091526</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B2">
    <label>2.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Elling, J. L. Composition and microscopy of reformulated creams from reduced-cholesterol butteroil / J. L. Elling, S. E. Duncan, T. W. Keenan // Journal of Food Science. 2006. Vol. 61(1). P. 48–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb14723.x</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Elling, J. L. Composition and microscopy of reformulated creams from reduced-cholesterol butteroil / J. L. Elling, S. E. Duncan, T. W. Keenan // Journal of Food Science. 2006. Vol. 61(1). P. 48–53. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1996.tb14723.x</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B3">
    <label>3.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Singh, H. The milk fat globule membrane – A biophysical system for food applications / H. Singh // Current Opinion in Colloid &amp; Interface Science. 2006. Vol. 11(2). P. 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2005.11.002</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Singh, H. The milk fat globule membrane – A biophysical system for food applications / H. Singh // Current Opinion in Colloid &amp; Interface Science. 2006. Vol. 11(2). P. 154–163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cocis.2005.11.002</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B4">
    <label>4.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Küllenberg, D. Health effects of dietary phospholipids / D. Küllenberg [et al.] // Lipids in Health and Disease. 2012. Vol. 11. Art. no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-11-3</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Küllenberg, D. Health effects of dietary phospholipids / D. Küllenberg [et al.] // Lipids in Health and Disease. 2012. Vol. 11. Art. no. 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-511X-11-3</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B5">
    <label>5.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Spitsberg, V. L. Bovine milk fat globule membrane as a potential nutraceutical / V. L. Spitsberg // Journal of Dairy Science. 2005. Vol. 88(7). P. 2289–2294. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72906-4</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Spitsberg, V. L. Bovine milk fat globule membrane as a potential nutraceutical / V. L. Spitsberg // Journal of Dairy Science. 2005. Vol. 88(7). P. 2289–2294. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(05)72906-4</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B6">
    <label>6.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dewettinck, K. Nutritional and technological aspects of milk fat globule membrane material / K. Dewettinck [et al.] // International Dairy Journal. 2008. Vol. 18(5). P. 436–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.10.014</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dewettinck, K. Nutritional and technological aspects of milk fat globule membrane material / K. Dewettinck [et al.] // International Dairy Journal. 2008. Vol. 18(5). P. 436–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2007.10.014</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B7">
    <label>7.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mistry, V. V. Use of ultrafiltered sweet buttermilk in the manufacture of reduced fat Cheddar cheese / V. V. Mistry, L. E. Metzger, J. L. Maubois // Journal of Dairy Science. 1996. Vol. 79(7). P. 1137–1145. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76467-6</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mistry, V. V. Use of ultrafiltered sweet buttermilk in the manufacture of reduced fat Cheddar cheese / V. V. Mistry, L. E. Metzger, J. L. Maubois // Journal of Dairy Science. 1996. Vol. 79(7). P. 1137–1145. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(96)76467-6</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B8">
    <label>8.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Turcot, S. Effet de la concentration en phospholipides de babeurre dans le lait de fromagerie sur la production et la composition de fromage allégés de type cheddar / S. Turcot, S. L. Turgeon, D. St-Gelais // Lait. 2001. Vol. 81. P. 429–442.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Turcot, S. Effet de la concentration en phospholipides de babeurre dans le lait de fromagerie sur la production et la composition de fromage allégés de type cheddar / S. Turcot, S. L. Turgeon, D. St-Gelais // Lait. 2001. Vol. 81. P. 429–442.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B9">
    <label>9.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romeih, E. A. The influence of fat globule membrane material on the microstructure of low-fat Cheddar cheese / E. A. Romeih, K. Marius Moe, S. Skeie // International Dairy Journal. 2012. Vol. 26(1). P. 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.03.008</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romeih, E. A. The influence of fat globule membrane material on the microstructure of low-fat Cheddar cheese / E. A. Romeih, K. Marius Moe, S. Skeie // International Dairy Journal. 2012. Vol. 26(1). P. 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2012.03.008</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B10">
    <label>10.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Asif, M. Effect of fat contents of buttermilk on fatty acid composition, lipolysis, vitamins and sensory properties of cheddar-type cheese / M. Asif [et al.] // Frontiers in Microbiology. 2023. Vol. 14. Art. no. 1209509. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1209509</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Asif, M. Effect of fat contents of buttermilk on fatty acid composition, lipolysis, vitamins and sensory properties of cheddar-type cheese / M. Asif [et al.] // Frontiers in Microbiology. 2023. Vol. 14. Art. no. 1209509. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1209509</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B11">
    <label>11.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hickey, M. G. The effect of buttermilk or buttermilk powder addition on functionality, textural, sensory and volatile characteristics of Cheddar-style cheese / M. G. Hickey [et al.] // Food Research International. 2018. Vol. 103. P. 468–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.081</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hickey, M. G. The effect of buttermilk or buttermilk powder addition on functionality, textural, sensory and volatile characteristics of Cheddar-style cheese / M. G. Hickey [et al.] // Food Research International. 2018. Vol. 103. P. 468–477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2017.09.081</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B12">
    <label>12.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Skryplonek, K. The use of buttermilk as a raw material for cheese production / K. Skryplonek, I. Dmytrów, A. Mituniewicz-Małek // International Journal of Dairy Technology. 2019. Vol. 72(4). P. 610–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12614</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Skryplonek, K. The use of buttermilk as a raw material for cheese production / K. Skryplonek, I. Dmytrów, A. Mituniewicz-Małek // International Journal of Dairy Technology. 2019. Vol. 72(4). P. 610–616. https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0307.12614</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B13">
    <label>13.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Poduval, V. S. Manufacture of reduced fat Mozzarella cheese using ultrafiltered sweet buttermilk and homogenized cream / V. S. Poduval, V. V. Mistry // Journal of Dairy Science. 1999. Vol. 82(1). P. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75202-1</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poduval, V. S. Manufacture of reduced fat Mozzarella cheese using ultrafiltered sweet buttermilk and homogenized cream / V. S. Poduval, V. V. Mistry // Journal of Dairy Science. 1999. Vol. 82(1). P. 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(99)75202-1</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B14">
    <label>14.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meghzili, B. Soft cheese-making with buttermilk: physico-chemical, sensory, textural properties, and microstructure characterization / B. Meghzili [et al.] // Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control. 2024. Vol. 11(8). P. 82–93. https://doi.org/10.18502/jfqhc.11.2.15647</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meghzili, B. Soft cheese-making with buttermilk: physico-chemical, sensory, textural properties, and microstructure characterization / B. Meghzili [et al.] // Journal of Food Quality and Hazards Control. 2024. Vol. 11(8). P. 82–93. https://doi.org/10.18502/jfqhc.11.2.15647</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B15">
    <label>15.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bahrami, M. Mixing sweet cream buttermilk with whole milk to produce cream cheese / M. Bahrami [et al.] // Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research. 2015. Vol. 54(2). P. 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2015-0008</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bahrami, M. Mixing sweet cream buttermilk with whole milk to produce cream cheese / M. Bahrami [et al.] // Irish Journal of Agricultural and Food Research. 2015. Vol. 54(2). P. 73–78. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijafr-2015-0008</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B16">
    <label>16.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Никитина, Ю. В. Технологические и методические аспекты производства низко- и безлактозных молочных продуктов / Ю. В. Никитина [и др.] // Пищевые системы. 2021. Т. 4, № 2. С. 144–153. https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2020-4-2-144-153; https://elibrary.ru/dayuyn</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nikitina, Yu. V. Tehnologicheskie i metodicheskie aspekty proizvodstva nizko- i bezlaktoznyh molochnyh produktov / Yu. V. Nikitina [i dr.] // Pischevye sistemy. 2021. T. 4, № 2. S. 144–153. https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2020-4-2-144-153; https://elibrary.ru/dayuyn</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B17">
    <label>17.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Facioni, M. S. Lactose residual content in PDO cheeses: Novel inclusions for consumers with lactose intolerance / M. S. Facioni [et al.] // Foods. 2021. Vol. 10(9). Art. no. 2236. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10092236</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Facioni, M. S. Lactose residual content in PDO cheeses: Novel inclusions for consumers with lactose intolerance / M. S. Facioni [et al.] // Foods. 2021. Vol. 10(9). Art. no. 2236. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10092236</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B18">
    <label>18.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Panseri, S. Determination of carbohydrates in lactose-free dairy products to support food labelling / S. Panseri [et al.] // Foods. 2021. Vol. 10(6). Art. no. 1219. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061219</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panseri, S. Determination of carbohydrates in lactose-free dairy products to support food labelling / S. Panseri [et al.] // Foods. 2021. Vol. 10(6). Art. no. 1219. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10061219</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B19">
    <label>19.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Купцова, О. И. Изучение эффективности применения пахты при создании низколактозного мягкого сыра геронтологической направленности / О. И. Купцова, Ю. Ю. Чеканова, А. В. Кобель // Актуальные вопросы переработки мясного и молочного сырья. 2023. № 18. С. 165–174.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kupcova, O. I. Izuchenie effektivnosti primeneniya pahty pri sozdanii nizkolaktoznogo myagkogo syra gerontologicheskoy napravlennosti / O. I. Kupcova, Yu. Yu. Chekanova, A. V. Kobel' // Aktual'nye voprosy pererabotki myasnogo i molochnogo syr'ya. 2023. № 18. S. 165–174.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B20">
    <label>20.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Топникова, Е. В. Исследования закономерностей гидролиза лактозы в сливках-сырье для изготовления безлактозных и низколактозных продуктов маслоделия / Е. В. Топникова [и др.] // Пищевая промышленность. 2025. № 4. С. 135–139. https://doi.org/10.52653/PPI.2025.4.4.025; https://elibrary.ru/objpon</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Topnikova, E. V. Issledovaniya zakonomernostey gidroliza laktozy v slivkah-syr'e dlya izgotovleniya bezlaktoznyh i nizkolaktoznyh produktov maslodeliya / E. V. Topnikova [i dr.] // Pischevaya promyshlennost'. 2025. № 4. S. 135–139. https://doi.org/10.52653/PPI.2025.4.4.025; https://elibrary.ru/objpon</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B21">
    <label>21.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hori, T. Objective measurements of the process of curd formation during rennet treatment of milks by the hot wire method / T. Hori // Journal of Food Science. 1985. Vol. 50. P. 911–917. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb12978.x</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hori, T. Objective measurements of the process of curd formation during rennet treatment of milks by the hot wire method / T. Hori // Journal of Food Science. 1985. Vol. 50. P. 911–917. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb12978.x</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B22">
    <label>22.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goncalves, B. J. Thermal conductivity as influenced by the temperature and apparent viscosity of dairy products / B. J. Goncalves [et al.] // Journal of Dairy Science. 2017. Vol. 100. P. 3513–3525. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-12051</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goncalves, B. J. Thermal conductivity as influenced by the temperature and apparent viscosity of dairy products / B. J. Goncalves [et al.] // Journal of Dairy Science. 2017. Vol. 100. P. 3513–3525. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2016-12051</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B23">
    <label>23.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Смыков, И. Т. Определение момента готовности молочного сгустка к разрезке при производстве сыров / И. Т. Смыков // Пищевые системы. 2018. Т. 1, № 2. С. 12–20. https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2018-1-2-12-20; https://elibrary.ru/ovhfsj</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smykov, I. T. Opredelenie momenta gotovnosti molochnogo sgustka k razrezke pri proizvodstve syrov / I. T. Smykov // Pischevye sistemy. 2018. T. 1, № 2. S. 12–20. https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2018-1-2-12-20; https://elibrary.ru/ovhfsj</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B24">
    <label>24.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вышемирский, Ф. А. Пахта продукт – «минимум калорий – максимум биологической ценности» / Ф. А. Вышемирский, Н. Н. Ожгихина // Энциклопедия маслоделия. – Углич, 2015. – С. 371–380.</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vyshemirskiy, F. A. Pahta produkt – «minimum kaloriy – maksimum biologicheskoy cennosti» / F. A. Vyshemirskiy, N. N. Ozhgihina // Enciklopediya maslodeliya. – Uglich, 2015. – S. 371–380.</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
   <ref id="B25">
    <label>25.</label>
    <citation-alternatives>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Свириденко, Г. М. Исследование влияния композиционного состава плесневой и заквасочной микрофлоры на формирование органолептических показателей мягких сыров / Г. М. Свириденко, В. А. Мордвинова, И. Л. Остроухова // Пищевые системы. 2021. Т. 4, № 2. С. 126–133. https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2020-4-2-126-133; https://elibrary.ru/pkwebv</mixed-citation>
     <mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sviridenko, G. M. Issledovanie vliyaniya kompozicionnogo sostava plesnevoy i zakvasochnoy mikroflory na formirovanie organolepticheskih pokazateley myagkih syrov / G. M. Sviridenko, V. A. Mordvinova, I. L. Ostrouhova // Pischevye sistemy. 2021. T. 4, № 2. S. 126–133. https://doi.org/10.21323/2618-9771-2020-4-2-126-133; https://elibrary.ru/pkwebv</mixed-citation>
    </citation-alternatives>
   </ref>
  </ref-list>
 </back>
</article>
